Measuring Moral Panic Propagation on the Interpersonal Level: Case of Pro-ana Women Bloggers

doi:10.19181/inter.2022.14.1.2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/inter.2022.14.1.2
EDN: EORJMT

Оксана Рудольфовна Михайлова Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва, Россия oxanamikhailova@gmail.com ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-6992
Elibrary Author_id 1003954
ResearchID R-8632-2019

Для цитирования

Михайлова О. Р. Измерение моральной паники на межличностном уровне: случай женщин-про-ана блогеров // Интеракция. Интервью. Интерпретация. 2022. Том 14. № 1. С. 33-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/inter.2022.14.1.2 EDN: EORJMT

Аннотация

Несмотря на большое количество работ, посвященных изучению моральных паник, практически отсутствуют исследования, касающиеся анализа эффекта социального окружения в их распространении. Эта статья вносит вклад в решение данной проблемы, предлагая методологический подход, который может быть использован при изучении распространения моральных паник в ходе межиндивидуальной коммуникации. Основанный на сочетании анализа эго-сетей и биографических интервью, этот подход позволяет показать как индивидуальные взаимодействия с членами социального окружения могут воздействовать на вовлеченность человека в моральную панику. Возможности этой методологии демонстрируются на примере моральной паники относительно ожирения. Женщины про-ана блогеры рассматриваются как моральные паникеры, которые создают моральную панику вокруг избавления от «лишнего» веса. Анализ проводится на основе 50 биографических интервью и публичных онлайн дневников русскоязычных женщин, которые причисляют себя к про-ана культуре и ведут о ней блоги в социальной сети «ВКонтакте». Результаты обсуждаются в связи с исследованиями моральной паники относительно ожирения, а также литературой, посвященной изучению распространения моральных паник.

Ключевые слова:

моральная паника, распространение моральных паник, ожирение, про-ана, эго-сети, биографический метод

Биография автора

Оксана Рудольфовна Михайлова, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва, Россия

Аспирантка факультета социальных наук, младший научный сотрудник Центра исследований современного детства

Литература

Altheide D.L. Moral Panic: From Sociological Concept to Public Discourse // Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal. 2009. Vol. 5. № 1. P. 79–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659008102063

Banles C. Culture in Culture-Bound Syndromes: The Care of Anorexia Nervosa // Social Science & Medicine. 1992. Vol. 34. № 8. P. 867–884. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90256-p

Bellotti E. Qualitative Methods and Visualizations in the Study of Friendship Networks // Sociological Research Online. 2016. Vol. 21. № 2. P. 198–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.3936

Benenson J.F. Gender Differences in Social Networks // The Journal of Early Adolescence. 1990. Vol. 10. № 4. P. 472–495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0272431690104004

Bidart C., Charbonneau J. How to Generate Personal Networks: Issues and Tools for a Sociological Perspective // Field Methods. 2011. Vol. 23. № 3. P. 266–286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1525822X11408513

Boero N., Pascoe C.J. Pro-anorexia Communities and Online Interaction: Bringing the Pro-Ana Body Online // Body & Society. 2012. Vol. 18. № 2. P. 27–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1357034X12440827

Brotsky S.R., Giles D. Inside the “Pro-ana” Community: A Covert Online Participant Observation // Eating Disorders. 2007. Vol. 15. № 2. P. 93–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10640260701190600

Campos P. et al. The Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity: Public Health Crisis or Moral Panic? // International Journal of Epidemiology. 2006. Vol. 35. № 1. P. 55–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi254

Cohen S. Folk Devils and Moral Panics. London: Routledge, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203828250

Crandall C.S. Prejudice Against Fat People: Ideology and Self-interest // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994. Vol. 66. № 5. P. 882–894. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.66.5.882

Critcher C. Moral Panic Analysis: Past, Present and Future // Sociology Compass. 2008. Vol. 2. № 4. P. 1127–1144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00122.x

Critcher C., Pearce J. A Missing Dimension: The Social Psychology of Moral Panics // The Ashgate Research Companion to Moral Panics. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2013. P. 371–386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315613307

Crossley N. et al. Social Network Analysis for Ego-Nets: Social Network Analysis for Actor-Centred Networks. London: SAGE, 2015.

Dandoy A. Towards a Bourdieusian Frame of Moral Panic Analysis: The History of a Moral Panic inside the Field of Humanitarian Aid // Theoretical Criminology. 2015. Vol. 19. № 3. P. 416–433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1362480614553522

David M. et al. The Idea of Moral Panic – Ten Dimensions of Dispute // Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal. 2011. Vol. 7. № 3. P. 215–228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1741659011417601

Doba K. et al. Organization of the Narrative Components in Autobiographical Speech of Anorexic Adolescents: A Statistical and Non-Linear Dynamical Analysis // New Ideas in Psychology. 2008. Vol. 26. № 2. P. 295–308. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.newideapsych.2007.07.004

Eckhaus E., Ben-Hador B. Gossip and Gender Differences: A Content Analysis Approach // Journal of Gender Studies. 2019. Vol. 28. № 1. P. 97–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2017.1411789

Elsass H.J. et al. Moral Panic, Fear of Crime, and School Shootings: Does Location Matter? // Sociological Inquiry. 2021. Vol. 91. № 2. P. 426–454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12407

Espindola C.R., Blay S.L. Anorexia Nervosa’s Meaning to Patients: A Qualitative Synthesis // Psychopathology. 2009. Vol. 42. № 2. P. 69–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000203339

Falkof N. On Moral Panic: Some Directions for Further Development // Critical Sociology. 2020. Vol. 46. № 2. P. 225–239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0896920518803698

Friedman M. Mother Blame, Fat Shame, and Moral Panic: “Obesity” and Child Welfare // Fat Studies. 2015. Vol. 4. № 1. P. 14–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2014.927209

Garrett C.J. Recovery from Anorexia Nervosa: a Durkheimian Interpretation // Social Science & Medicine. 1996. Vol. 43. № 10. P. 1489–1506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(96)00088-3

Giordano S. Persecutors or Victims? The Moral Logic at the Heart of Eating Disorders // Health Care Analysis. 2003. Vol. 11. № 3. P. 219–228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/b:hcan.0000005494.66782.4e

Giordano S. Anorexia Nervosa and Its Moral Foundations // International Journal of Children’s Rights. 2005. Vol. 13. № 1–2. P. 149–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1571818054545187

Goode E., Ben-Yehuda N. Moral Panics: Culture, Politics, and Social Construction // Annual Review of Sociology. 1994. Vol. 20. № 1. P. 149–171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.20.080194.001053

Gooldin S. Being Anorexic // Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 2008. Vol. 22. № 3. P. 274–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-1387.2008.00026.X

Haas S.M. et al. Communicating Thin: A Grounded Model of Online Negative Enabling Support Groups in the Pro-Anorexia Movement // New Media & Society. 2011. Vol. 13. № 1. P. 40–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1461444810363910

Igarashi T., Takai J., Yoshida T. Gender Differences in Social Network Development via Mobile Phone Text Messages: A Longitudinal Study // Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2005. Vol. 22. № 5. P. 691–713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0265407505056492

Jones R.K. The Unsolicited Diary as a Qualitative Research Tool for Advanced Research Capacity in the Field of Health and Illness // Qualitative Health Research. 2000. Vol. 10. № 4. P. 555–567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104973200129118543

Lazer D. et al. The Coevolution of Networks and Political Attitudes // Political Communication. 2010. Vol. 27. № 3. P. 248–274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2010.500187

Leonidas C., dos Santos M.A. Social Support Networks and Eating Disorders: An Integrative Review of the Literature // Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2014. Vol. 10. P. 915–927. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147%2FNDT.S60735

McMillan C., Felmlee D., Osgood D.W. Peer Influence, Friend Selection, and Gender: How Network Processes Shape Adolescent Smoking, Drinking, and Delinquency // Social Networks. 2018. Vol. 55. P. 86–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.05.008

Mikhaylova O. Folk Devils or Moral Entrepreneurs? Gap Bridging in the Social Studies of Pro-ana Communities // Deviant Behavior. 2021a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2021.1937753

Mikhaylova O. The Perspectives of Ego-Network Analysis in the Moral Panic Propagation Studies on the Interpersonal Level // Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes. 2021b. Vol. 2. P. 28–47. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2021.2.1818

Mikhaylova O., Dokuka S. Anorexia and Young Womens’ Personal Networks: Size, Structure, and Kinship // Frontiers in Psychology. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848774

Moessner M. et al. Analyzing Big Data in Social Media: Text and Network Analyses of an Eating Disorder Forum // International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2018. Vol. 51. № 7. P. 656–667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22878

Monaghan L.F., Hollands R., Prtichard G. Obesity Epidemic Entrepreneurs: Types, Practices and Interests // Body & Society. 2010. Vol. 16. № 2. P. 37–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1357034X10364769

Monaghan L.F., Rich E., Bombak A.E. Media, “Fat Panic” and Public Pedagogy: Mapping Contested Terrain // Sociology Compass. 2019. Vol. 13. № 1. Art. e12651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12651

Monod S.W. Making Sense of Moral Panics: A Framework for Research. New York: Springer, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61821-0

O’Dougherty M. et al. Dual Conversations: Body Talk among Young Women and Their Social Contacts // Qualitative Health Research. 2011. Vol. 21. № 9. P. 1191–1204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1049732311405804

Orsini G. Hunger Hurts, but Starving Works // The Moral Conversion to Eating Disorders. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry. 2017. Vol. 41. № 1. P. 111–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-016-9507-6

Pallotti F. et al. “You See Yourself like in a Mirror”: The Effects of Internet-Mediated Personal Networks on Body Image and Eating Disorders // Health Communication. 2018. Vol. 33. № 9. P. 1166–1176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1339371

Patterson M., Johnston J. Theorizing the Obesity Epidemic: Health Crisis, Moral Panic and Emerging Hybrids // Social Theory & Health. 2012. Vol. 10. № 3. P. 265–291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/STH.2012.4

Pearce J.M., Charman E. A Social Psychological Approach to Understanding Moral Panic // Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal. 2011. Vol. 7. № 3. P. 293–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1741659011417607

Ringel M.M., Ditto P.H. The Moralization of Obesity // Social Science & Medicine. 2019. Vol. 237. Art. 112399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112399

Roach E. et al. Family Food Talk, Child Eating Behavior, and Maternal Feeding Practices // Appetite. 2017. Vol. 117. P. 40–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.001

Rohloff A., Wright S. Moral Panic and Social Theory: Beyond the Heuristic // Current Sociology. 2010. Vol. 58. № 3. P. 403–419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011392110364039

Salari N. et al. Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, Depression among the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis // Globalization and Health. 2020. Vol. 16. № 1. Art. 57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w

Schildkraut J., Elsass H.J., Stafford M.C. Could It Happen Here? Moral Panic, School Shootings, and Fear of Crime among College Students // Crime, Law and Social Change. 2015. Vol. 63. № 1–2. P. 91–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S10611-015-9552-Z

Shannon A., Mills J.S. Correlates, Causes, and Consequences of Fat Talk: A Review // Body Image. 2015. Vol. 15. P. 158–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.09.003

Tubaro P., Mounier L. Sociability and Support in Online Eating Disorder Communities: Evidence from Personal Networks // Network Science. 2014. Vol. 2. № 1. P. 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/nws.2014.6

Ungar S. Moral Panic versus the Risk Society: The Implications of the Changing Sites of Social Anxiety // British Journal of Sociology. 2001. Vol. 52. № 2. P. 271–291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071310120044980

Vaismoradi M., Turunen H., Bondas T. Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study // Nursing & health sciences. 2013. Vol. 15. № 3. P. 398–405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12048

van Waes S., van den Bossche P. Around and Around: The Concentric Circles Method as Powerful Tool to Collect Mixed Method Network Data // Mixed Methods Approaches to Social Network Analysis / Ed. by D.E. Froehlich, M. Rehm, B.C. Rienties. London: Routledge, 2020. P. 159–174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429056826

Victor J.S. The Sociology of Contemporary Legends: A Review of the Use of the Concept by Sociologists // Contemporary Legend. 1993. Vol. 4. P. 63–84.

Измерение моральной паники на межличностном уровне: случай женщин-про-ана блогеров

Научная статья

Аннотация

Биография автора

Литература